[67], Christianity in Socotra went into decline when the Mahra sultanate took power in the 16th century, and the populace had become mostly Muslim by the time the Portuguese arrived later that century. Socotra of Soqotra is een kleine archipel in de Indische Oceaan. En efecto, el 37% de sus 825 especies de plantas, el 90% de los reptiles y el 95% de los caracoles terrestres no se dan en ninguna otra parte del mundo. [29], In 2016 the United Arab Emirates increased supplies delivered to Socotra, which had been largely abandoned and forgotten during the ongoing conflict. But this has no effect, because they say that their forefathers did these things of old. In 2015, cyclone Chapala and cyclone Megh struck Socotra, causing severe damage to the island's infrastructure, homes, roads, and power. On 30 November of the same year, Socotra became part of South Yemen. A sustainable financing strategy is required to ensure the necessary human and financial resources for the long term management of the property. It is true that the archbishop does not approve of these enchantments and rebukes them for the practice. Il est exceptionnel de par sa grande diversité de plantes et son taux d’endémisme : 37% des … Its capital and largest city is Moroni. [49] The principal city, Hadibu (with a population of 8,545 at the census of 2004); the second largest town, Qalansiyah (population 3,862); and Qād̨ub (population 929) are all located on the north coast of the island of Socotra. This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 21:29. [82], However, during the deployment of Emirati troops and aid to the Island, multiple flight connections were made between Abu Dhabi and Hadibu as part of Emirati effort to provide Socotra residents with access to free healthcare and provide work opportunities. [60] The first attested Socotran poet is thought to be the ninth-century Fatima al-Suqutriyya, a popular figure in Socotran culture. If one excludes the two recently introduced species, Hemidactylus robustus and Hemidactylus flaviviridis, all native species are endemic. [71] Diesel generators make electricity widely available in Socotra. [41], The archipelago consists of the main island of Socotra (3,665 km2 (1,415 sq mi)), the three smaller islands of Abd al Kuri, Samhah and Darsa, as well as small rock outcrops like Ka'l Fir'awn and Sābūnīyah that are uninhabitable by humans but important for seabirds. In October 1967, in the wake of the departure of the British from Aden and southern Arabia, the Mahra Sultanate, as well as the other states of the former Aden Protectorate, were abolished. Situé à quelque 250 miles au large de la côte du Yémen, le plus grand membre de l'archipel, aussi appelé Socotra, est le foyer de certaines des plantes les plus étranges prospectifs qui … The island of Socotra constitutes around 95% of the landmass of the Socotra Archipelago. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Due to the collective impacts of Chapala and Megh, various Gulf Cooperation Council states sent 43 planes with supplies to the island by 19 November. [34][30] On May 14, 2018, Saudi troops were also deployed on the island and a deal was brokered between the United Arab Emirates and Yemen for a joint military training exercise and the return of administrative control of Socotra airport and seaport under Yemeni control. Scholte, Paul, and, De Geest, Peter; ‘The climate of Socotra Island (Yemen): A first-time assessment of the timing of the monsoon wind reversal and its influence on precipitation and vegetation patterns’; Vasconcelos R, Montero-Mendieta S, Simó-Riudalbas M, Sindaco R, Santos X, et al. [52] The entire flora of the Socotra Archipelago has been assessed for the IUCN Red List, with three Critically Endangered and 27 Endangered plant species recognised in 2004. ующих кораллов, 730 видов прибрежных рыб и 300 видов крабов, лангустов и креветок. Requirements for Protection and Management. Socotra is also mentioned in The Travels of Marco Polo; Marco Polo did not pass anywhere near the island, but recorded a report that "the inhabitants are baptised Christians and have an 'archbishop'" who, it is further explained, "has nothing to do with the Pope in Rome, but is subject to an archbishop who lives at Baghdad." There was regular service to and from Aden and Sana'a until the start of the civil war in 2015. In October 2016, the 31st cargo aircraft landed in Socotra Airport containing two tons of aid. Socotra is globally important for biodiversity conservation because of its exceptionally rich and distinct flora and fauna. Décalage horaire avec l'archipel de Socotra et la France. According to information from the ports, the journey takes 2–3 days and the service is used mostly for cargo. [16][17] In the 10th century, the Arab geographer Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani stated that, in his time, most of the inhabitants were Christian. It shares maritime borders with Madagascar and Mayotte to the southeast, Tanzania to the northwest, Mozambique to the west, and the Seychelles to the northeast. Moreover, the lack of a proper harbour for wintering led to the loss of many moored Portuguese ships, the most important of which was the Santo António galleon under the command of captain Manuel Pais da Veiga. A paved road runs along the north shore from Qulansiyah to Hadibu and then to the DiHamri area; and another paved road, from the northern coast to the south through the Dixsam Plateau. [64] Only about 450 people live on 'Abd-al-Kūrī and 100 on Samha; the island of Darsa and the islets of the archipelago are uninhabited.[65]. Most of the texts are written in the Indian Brāhmī script; there are also inscriptions in South Arabian, Ethiopic, Greek, Palmyrene and Bactrian scripts and languages. Confirming the information, an adviser to Yemeni Information Minister Muammar Al-Iryani, Mukhtar Al-Rahbi said it was a set up of military escalation in the region. Ancient South Arabia through History", "Международньій Симлозиум "Древнейшие Миграции Человека В Евразии" Махачкала, 6 – 12 сентября 2009 года", "Socotra: The Mysterious Island of the Assyrian Church of the East", Yemen: Cyclones Chapala and Megh Flash Update 11, "Khalifa Foundation sends aid to Socotra Archipelago", "Socotra: How a strategic island became part of a Gulf power struggle", "UAE offers a helping hand to the island of Socotra", "the Southern Transitional Council's branch in Socotra declared their support for the STC in Aden on January 29th, 2018, according to a Southern Transitional Council statement", "Yemen officials say Emiratis boost forces on Socotra island", "Yemen PM: Crisis over UAE deployment to Socotra over", "Yemen government accuses UAE of landing separatists on remote island", "Second army regiment rebels against Yemen government in Socotra", "Yemen separatists seize remote Socotra island from Saudi-backed government", "UAE sends military officials to Yemeni island: Adviser", "Socotra Archipelago – a lifeboat in the sea of changes: advancement in Socotran insect biodiversity survey", "Status of Breeding Seabirds in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden", "The mediocre model forecasts of Cyclone Chapala's rainfall over Yemen", "Klimatafel von Sokotra (Suqutrá), Insel / Arabisches Meer / Jemen", FACTBOX-Socotra, jewel of biodiversity in Arabian Sea, "1 – Native plants and animals – overview – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand", https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149985, "UAE organisation delivers cooking gas to Socotra residents to prevent deforestation", "Russian Roots and Yemen's Socotra Language", "How the Yemeni island of Sokotra is forging its own future", Soqotra: South Arabia’s Strategic Gateway and Symbolic Playground, "Final Census Results2004: The General Frame of the Population Final Results (First Report)", "Out of Arabia—The settlement of Island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity", "Could Guantánamo's biggest bunch of prisoners be sent to Socotra? In 880, an Ethiopian expeditionary force conquered the island and an Oriental Orthodox bishop was consecrated. Over the two thousand years of human settlement on the islands, the environment has slowly but continuously changed, and, according to Jonathan Kingdon, "the animals and plants that remain represent a degraded fraction of what once existed. [58][59], There is an ancient tradition of poetry and a poetry competition is held annually on the island. Socotra is a group of four islands, found approximately 355 kilometres (220 miles) off the coast of Yemen of western Asia, in the Arabian Sea, and the archipelago also consists of two islets; and while it sits closer to Somalia, Africa, it comes under the jurisdiction of Yemen. رة Suquá¹­rah, est un archipel du Yémen baigné par la mer d'Arabie.Il est situé au sud-est de la péninsule arabique, dans le prolongement de la corne de l'Afrique.Son île principale est Socotra et il constitue un site du patrimoine mondial de l'Unesco depuis 2008 et une réserve de biosphère depuis 2003 [1 La biodiversidad marina del sitio es también considerable, ya que cuenta con 253 especies de corales constructores de arrecifes, 730 especies de peces costeros y 300 variedades de langostas, cangrejos y camarones. [53] The remaining Socotran fauna is greatly threatened by goats and other introduced species. Its red sap was thought to be the dragon's blood of the ancients, sought after as a dye, and today used as paint and varnish. [38] The Southern Transitional Council seized control of the island in June 2020. The goal of the 4-ship expedition, which sailed from Pondicherry (French India), was to force the ruler of Mocha to stop harassing French traders and abide by the provisions of a treaty of commerce signed with France 25 years earlier. [32], On January 29, 2018, the local Southern Transitional Council leadership on the archipelago declared their support for the STC during Hadi infighting in and around Aden. Socotra es un archipèla situat entre la mar d’Arabia e lo gòlf d’Adèn en l’ocean indian; es format de quatre illas, Socotra, Darsah, Abd a la Kuri e Samhah. Explorer Marco Polo wrote in his travelogue: I give you my word that the people of this island are the most expert enchanters in the world. About 150 miles east of the Horn of Africa, Socotra--the largest of an archipelago of four islands--sits grazing in the Indian Ocean.An exotic "lost world" of sorts ever since its separation six million years ago from the adjacent African continent, the island is often described as one of the most alien-looking places on earth, as well as the Galapagos of the Middle East. After the capture of Aden by the British in 1839, they lost all interest in acquiring Socotra. [61], Most of the inhabitants are indigenous Soqotri people from Al-Mahrah tribe, who are of Southern Arabian descent from Al Mahrah Governorate,[62] and are said to be especially closely related with the Qara and Mahra groups of Southern Arabia. [citation needed]. 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[35][36], In May 2019, the Yemeni government accused the United Arab Emirates of landing around 100 separatist troops in Socotra, which the UAE denied, deepening a rift between the two nominal allies in Yemen's civil war. [73] The project called Socotra Governance and Biodiversity Project have listed following goals from 2009: In February 2014, the Economist magazine reported that Socotra was being considered as a possible site for the Yemeni jihadist rehabilitation program. Socotra has high importance for bird species as underlined by the identification by Birdlife International of 22 Important Bird Areas on Socotra. [76][77], Transport is a delicate matter on Socotra as road construction is considered locally to be detrimental to the island and its ecosystem. [43] The mountains rise to 1,503 metres (4,931 ft). Before this modest airport, the island could only be reached by a cargo ship. [51], The long geological isolation of the Socotra archipelago and its fierce heat and drought have combined to create a unique and spectacular endemic flora. The Socotrans remained loyal to his teachings and joined the Assyrian church. [39], On 2 March 2021, the UAE deployed military officials to the island. [citation needed], In an extremely unusual occurrence, the normally arid western side of Socotra received more than 410 millimetres (16.14 in) of rain from Cyclone Chapala in November 2015. The property’s integrity is further enhanced by terrestrial and marine buffer zones that are not part of the inscribed property. The Portuguese recorded the presence of water buffaloes in the early 17th century. De activiteiten van SDRPY zijn niet beperkt tot de vissers van de Socotra-archipel, aangezien het programma ook 100 boten heeft geleverd aan vissers in het Al-Mahra-gouvernement. [30], In 2017, some Yemeni political factions accused the United Arab Emirates of looting, claiming that Emirati forces had ravaged the flora of the island. In July 1999, however, a new airport opened Socotra to the outside world all year round. L’archipel de Socotra, situé dans le nord-ouest de l’océan Indien, près du golfe d’Aden, s’étend sur 250 km. 4-feb-2017 - Bekijk het bord "Socotra" van Bob Mertens op Pinterest. 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From 17 December 1896 until 12 February 1897, the British explorers Theodore and Mabel Bent visited the island,[27] following on from the botanical visits of Bayley Balfour and Schweinfurth in the early 1880s. La composition en espèces et en genres ainsi que le nombre d'espèces et de genres endémiques de chaque archipel sont présentés. In contrast, the coral reefs of Socotra are diverse, with many endemic species. رى; Suquá¹­ra) est un petit archipel de quatre îles et îlots dans le nord-ouest de l'océan Indien près du golfe d'Aden.Près de 190 milles marins (220 mi / 350 km) au sud de la péninsule arabique, l'archipel mesure 250 kilomètres (155 mi) de long, d'ouest en est, et dépasse de l'Afrique continentale le long de la Corne de l'Afrique. [52], One of the most striking of Socotra's plants is the dragon's blood tree (Dracaena cinnabari), which is a strange-looking, umbrella-shaped tree. [79], Iranian companies were noted by a 2003 US diplomatic cable to have completed several projects in Yemen, including building the Socotra airport strip. Le programme a également fourni 100 bateaux aux pêcheurs du gouvernorat d'Al-Mahra. More Contacts Site Map Become a member Donate Now! Socotra: The Hidden Land, Portuguese colonialism in the East Indies, Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia, Dhamar Montane Plains Mahjur Traditional Reserve, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Socotra&oldid=1012189506, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Development and implementation of mainstreaming tools, Direction of biodiversity conservation benefits to the local people, Support to the fisheries sector and training of professionals, This page was last edited on 15 March 2021, at 02:19. They were accompanied by a young Englishman, Ernest Bennett. Extremely high levels of endemism occur in Socotra’s reptiles (34 species, 90% endemism) and land snails (96 species, 95% endemism). [33], On April 30, 2018, the United Arab Emirates, as part of the ongoing Saudi-led intervention in Yemen, landed troops on the island and took control of Socotra Airport and seaport. Other endemic plants include the giant succulent tree Dorstenia gigas; the cucumber tree, Dendrosicyos socotranus; the rare Socotran pomegranate (Punica protopunica), Aloe perryi, and Boswellia socotrana. He reported in a letter home that the tribesmen, "due to lack of missionaries, had only retained a faint knowledge of Christianity."[23]. Les faunes en Tenebrionidae de Madère (Océan atlantique) et de Socotra (Océan indien) sont comparées. [74], Socotra is home to the polling and lottery distribution company Socotra Lottery Solutions. In 2013, the archipelago became its own governorate: Socotra Governorate. The island is so isolated that a third of its plant life cannot be found anywhere else on this planet, including the notable strange-looking, umbrella-shaped dragon’s blood trees that look like flying saucers perched on trunks. The terrestrial nature sanctuaries, national parks and areas of special botanical interest included in the property encompass about 75% of the total land area. Additionally, he pledged to assist any European vessel that wrecked on the island and protect the crew, the passengers and the cargo, in exchange for a suitable reward. [63], Almost all inhabitants of Socotra, numbering about 50,000, live on the main island of the archipelago. [49] In the 1990s, a team of United Nations biologists conducted a survey of the archipelago's flora and fauna. While at Socotra, the troops practised landing on beaches with their crafts. Botanical field surveys led by the Centre for Middle Eastern Plants, part of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, indicate that 307 out of the 825 (37%) plant species on Socotra are endemic, i.e., they are found nowhere else on Earth. De groep eilanden ligt in het noordwesten van de Indische Oceaan in de buurt van de Golf van Aden. [Chronique scientifique, le Patrimoine mondial naturel de l'UNESCO: L'Archipel de Socotra] Aussi appelé « l’île extraterrestre » au vu de sa singularité, l’archipel de Socotra est un ensemble d’îles appartenant au Yémen, situé à une centaine de kilomètres au large de l’Afrique de l’Est en mer d’Arabie entre la Somalie et le Yémen. The territory is located near major shipping routes and is officially part of Yemen, and had long been a subdivision of Aden Governorate. Yearly rainfall is light but is fairly spread throughout the year. 37% of Socotra’s plant species, 90% of its reptile species and 95% of its land snail species do not occur anywhere else in the world. Apel, M. and Brandis, D. 2000. [8][9][10], Socotra appears as Dioskouridou ("of the Dioscuri"[11]) in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a 1st-century AD Greek navigation aid. [6], In addition to its unique natural heritage, Socotra is also a living bank of archaic linguistic vestiges that pre-date Arabic and include Aramaic. Les autres villes ou lieux du Yémen apparaissent sur la carte avec une icône bleue. This paper. A new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Socotra Island and description of Socotrapotamon n. gen. Fauna of Arabia 18: 133-144. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/socotra, "Paradise Has an Address: Socotra - Geography", "EU to protect Socotra archipelago environment", "Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Jul 13, 2020 - Explore Kevin Taylor's board "Socotra", followed by 531 people on Pinterest. PLOS ONE 11(3): e0149985. There is a very high level of endemism at both species (29 of 31, 94%) and genus levels (5 of 12, 42%). Socotra Airport is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) west of the main city, Hadibu, and close to the third-largest town in the archipelago, Qād̨ub. Around the same time, the Emirates also sent a ship carrying ammunition to the militias in Socotra. Socotra est un petit archipel de quatre îles de l'océan Indien, près du golfe d'Aden. The property is of sufficient size to adequately represent all the terrestrial and marine features and processes that are essential for the long term conservation of the archipelago’s rich and distinct biodiversity. Henri Labrousse. [21], The islands passed under the control of the Mahra sultans in 1511, and its inhabitants were converted to Islam during their rule. Their objective was to set a base in a strategic place on the route to India and to liberate the presumed friendly Christians from Islamic rule. Socotra also supports globally significant populations of other land and sea birds, including a number of threatened species. Er is een schat aan flora en fauna: 37% van Socotra’s 825 plantensoorten, 90% van z'n reptielensoorten en 95% van z'n landslakkensoorten komen nergens anders ter wereld voor. The ideal time to visit Socotra is from October to April; the remaining months usually have heavy monsoon rainfall, making it difficult to survive the weather for tourists; flights also usually get cancelled. Impacts of these threats on Socotra’s biodiversity need to be closely monitored and minimized. As some of the cargo had been plundered by islanders, the sultan was reminded of his obligations under the agreement of 1876.[26]. [54] The reptile species include skinks, legless lizards, and one species of chameleon, Chamaeleo monachus. They were Oriental Orthodox but also practised ancient magic rituals despite the warnings of their archbishop. [55], As with many isolated island systems, bats are the only mammals native to Socotra. Cependant, les opérations du SDRPY ne se limitent pas aux pêcheurs de l'archipel de Socotra. A Strange and Beautiful Plant. Good luck at the moment", "Soqotra: The Historical Formation of a Communal Polity", Socotra Governance and Biodiversity Project, Global organisation of Friends for Soqotra in any aspect based in Edinburgh, Scotland, A Historical Genealogy of Socotra as an Object of Mythical Speculation, Scientific Research & Development Experiment, "15 Pictures Of 'The Most Alien-Looking Place On Earth'", Documentary film of the Island of Socotra. Más de un tercio de las especies de flora de Socotra, que pese a su tamaño cuenta con 800 diferentes, solo se dan aquí. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. All component areas of the property have legal protection; however there is a need to strengthen the legislative framework, and management and enforcement capacity. The marine life of Socotra is also very diverse, with 253 species of reef-building corals, 730 species of coastal fish and 300 species of crab, lobster and shrimp, and well represented in the property’s marine areas. In 2004, it became attached to the Hadhramaut Governorate, which is much closer to the island than Aden (although the nearest governorate was the Al Mahrah Governorate). See more ideas about socotra, yemen, dragon blood tree. There, they came across a large number of inscriptions, drawings and archaeological objects. [24] In April 1886, the British government, concerned about reports that the German navy had been visiting various ports in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean to secure a naval base, decided to conclude a protectorate treaty with the sultan in which he promised this time to "refrain from entering into any correspondence, agreement, or treaty with any foreign nation or power, except with the knowledge and sanction of the British Government", and give immediate notice to the British Resident at Aden of any attempt by another power to interfere with Socotra and its dependencies. Patrimoine mondial et nostalgie souveraine dans l’archipel de Socotra au Yémen. Socotra is one of the most isolated landforms on Earth of continental origin. [citation needed] The United Arab Emirates funded the modernization of the port on Socotra. [28] The United Arab Emirates sent a ship and a plane, carrying 500 tons of food, 10 tons of blankets and tents, and 1,200 barrels of food. Many beautiful, interesting, and strange plants live on our planet. [13][14] Further investigation showed that these had been left by sailors who visited the island between the 1st century BC and the 6th century AD. Aller à Socotra au Yémen - forum Yémen - Besoin d'infos sur Yémen ? l'Archipel de Socotra se trouve dans le fuseau horaire UTC/GMT+3 toute l'année. [5] In 2008 Socotra was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Ships connect the port with the Yemeni coastal city of Mukalla. The Ethiopians were later dislodged by a large armada sent by Imam Al-Salt bin Malik of Oman. Zhukov, a member of the Russian Complex Expedition in 2008. Socotra est constituée d'une étroite plaine côtière, d'un plateau de grès truffé de cavernes karstiques et de montagnes, les Haghier, s'élevant jusqu'à 1 525 mètres d'altitude. There are many endemic invertebrates, including several spiders (such as the Socotra Island Blue Baboon tarantula Monocentropus balfouri) and three species of freshwater crabs in the Potamidae (Socotra pseudocardisoma and two species in Socotrapotamon). Several of the female lineages, notably those in mtDNA haplogroup N, are unique to the island.[70]. This corpus of nearly 250 texts and drawings constitutes one of the main sources for the investigation of Indian Ocean trade networks in that time period. The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel off the eastern coast of Africa. [46] The southwest monsoon season from June to September brings strong winds and high seas. [83], The airport for Socotra was built in 1999. They protect all the major vegetation types, areas of high floral and faunal values, and important bird areas. A recent discovery of texts in several languages, including a wooden tablet in Palmyrene dated to the 3rd century AD, indicate the diverse origins of those who used Socotra as a trading base in antiquity. [68] Today the only remnants of Christianity are some cross engravings from the 1st century AD, a few Christian tombs, and some church ruins. Transcontinentales, 2011. [citation needed], Monsoons long made the archipelago inaccessible from June to September each year. In 1897, the P&O ship Aden sank after being wrecked on a reef near Socotra, with the loss of 78 lives. In particular, damage has occurred via chemical pollution from road construction while new roads have resulted in habitat fragmentation. In 1834, the East India Company, in the expectation that the Mahra sultan of Qishn and Socotra, who resided at Qishn on the mainland, would accept an offer to sell the island, stationed a garrison on Socotra. It lies 380 kilometres (240 mi) south of the Arabian Peninsula. Le 30 avril 2018, les Émirats arabes unis ont déployé plus d'une centaine de troupes d'artillerie et des véhicules blindés sur l'archipel yéménite de Socotra, dans la mer d'Arabie, sans coordination préalable avec le Yémen.